2018 national plumbing hvac estimator pdf free download

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Plumbing and Piping Plans. Floor plan for F-house as designed. Two feet per second velocity is the minimum recommended for soil and waste lines. New chapters cover ergonomics, safety, and computer-aided design, with revised information on numerical methods, belt devices, statistics,. Drainage system gets rid of human wastes through. Design considerations include the following: Sinks.

Design and planning pointers. Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout. Pipe size calculation for water supply system. Often known as wet walls, in every building or household, there are a few walls that contain the plumbing lines.

These would be the: Sewer lines. Safe and time-saving installation of manifolds in big dimensions without pressing. Some of the more common terms used in plumbing and defined in the Code are as follows: Building Drain.

This lightweight, fully portable plumber's problem solver packs a wealth of get-it-done data into easy access tables charts, graphs, diagrams,. Types of Plumbing and Drainage Systems in Buildings. Original design, D-house soil, waste, and vent piping, showing vent size reductions obtainable from RSV. Jan 24, - AutoCAD house floor plan design includes plumbing and piping peculiarities plans that directly connect to kitchen and bathroom with sanitary ware detail. Plumbing drawings provide all pertinent information on the design of the plumbing system for a project, including line sizes and location, fixture location, isolation valves, storage-tank.

In some cases, plumbing must be done by a licensed plumber. Engineering or Building Services. Thinking through a few key areas in the early stages of design can make the rest of the process. Here is a simple residential plumbing and piping system example created by EdrawMax, which is available in different formats. Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook.

List All the Rooms That Need Plumbing When designing your residential plumbing layout, consider all the rooms that might need water access.

A free customizable residential plumbing and piping system template is provided to download and print. The primary goal of a plumbing pool diagram is to offer insights into the filtration concept. The soil pipe should enter the house at least 1 foot below the finish grade of the basement floor. Important Plumbing Design Elements to Incorporate in the. Design of Potable Water Plumbing Systems.

Residential PEX Water. Here is a simple home plumbing plan example created by EdrawMax, which is available in different formats. The purpose of this publication is to provide accurate and useful information for home inspectors in order to perform an inspection of the plumbing system at a residential property.

By placing rooms that require active pipelines side-by-side, it is possible. When it comes to residential plumbing design layouts, these are some of the guiding forces at work. Some of the more common terms used in plumbing and.

Design layout is the organization of text and images on a web page, poster, book or two-dimensional page. Home Plumbing Plan Template The simple home plumbing and piping plan template is available to edit.

How To Plumb a Bathroom with multiple plumbing diagrams. Pdf Of Plumbing Drawings. Building Inspectors provide information on applying for Manatee County permits and permit requirements, and their permit records are often accessible through the Building Inspector website.

Isometric Plumbing Drawings All commercial building permit applications, in which the plumbing system has not been designed by a mechanical engineer, must include two sets of isometric plumbing drawings. Supply Plumbing Systems. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Partnership for Advancing Technology in.

Plumbing Practical Handouts. A schematic drawing and a sectional drawing of a typical residential plumbing system is attached hereto. The blue lines are the fresh water supply entering the home. Plumbing Detail of a double storey residence, showing location of Man. The Guidelines are prepared in a concise and compact manner to facilitate the electrical wiring of residential buildings to be done adequately and to ensure its safety of use while meeting basic wiring requirements.

Drainage plumbing diagrams are regularly used by homeowners, licensed plumbing contractors and others to determine the layout of drainage. Below are the steps to make plumbing and piping plans, which will surely be of great help when you use the plumbing and piping plans software.

The options for residential bathroom storage, as with most storage spaces in a house, offer some amount of flexibility and an opportunity for creativity.

You need to make a plan that shows the layout and. Proper planning and Any building, be it a residential, Unit 1. This guide contains design and. Design Guide replaces the previous edition published in Yet it's not always clear how this translates from a strategic standpoint. You can get these measurements from your dealer when the fixtures are purchased. Revised: May Example Residential.

Violation 3: Flat venting All the various methods for venting a trap break down into two categories: wet and dry. A separate class of plumbing fixtures defined as plumbing. Stainless steel shelves are available up to 28 ft.

Plumbing spreadsheet contents: Preliminary design Water consumption Water tanks Septic tank calculation Storm water Fixture units Lift and booster pump Pressure pump and hydro pneumatic Submersible pump Individual water heater Central water heater calculation Pressure reducing station Chilled drinking Manual irrigation pump Over flow swimming pool.

Avoiding obstacles electrical wiring and structural elements can help eliminate the chances of. Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide. All the plumbing apparatus are illustrated in a Plumbing Plan. This website publishes administrative rules on their effective dates, as designated by the adopting state agencies, colleges, and universities.

Laundry Access from Master Suite The plumbing and sanitary system is an essential part of every house or building. Thus, once the automatic design is done, you just have to click a button to generate the annotations with properties such as diameters, lengths and name of sanitary fixtures, among others.

Typical plumbing layout for a small residential building. You can save yourself time, trouble and money!. ConceptDraw Plumbing and Piping Plans. Most codes require no fixture being closer than 15 inches from a toilet's centerline. Wyly PlumbingConsultant and LawrenceS. Modular design for all conceivable combina- one system — made easy to plan and install!. Plumber: The Plumbing Design Software.

Proper planning and designing of plumbing system is crucial as it takes care of the hygiene requirements of the occupants. Design Considerations for Hot Water Plumbing. Manatee County, FL Includes only firms subject to federal income tax. Without proper venting, water in the trap can be siphoned out, leaving the trap dry and. You can simply make this template you own with just a few clicks. Site Development Design Manual and Appendix: Provides planning and design of the site layout, storm water management, building location and.

The different colour lines in this drawing represent the various plumbing pipes used. Graywater Design Estimates for Residential Buildings. Chief, Planning and Design Section. Drawing to scale makes it easy to note any problems with the layout. Practical Plumbing Engineering, Cyril Harris. Drainage systems do not depend on pressure, as supply systems do. Plumbing — Design Elements The plumbing system is a complex system of water supply pipes and drainpipes, sanitary equipment and drainage facilities, vent pipes and more.

New York: Design of plumbing systems for multi-storey buildings. The horizontal pipe at the lowest point in the building generally under the basement floor which. When designing a plumbing system, first consult the local plumbing codes so that the requirements are met as the design is developed. The purpose of this drain trap is to hold standing water, which. Venting for Plumbing Systems. The plumbing permit fee is for the rough-in and installation of each fixture outlet.

Layout plan: It shows the layout of the sealed parts of the pool —. Feb 28, - Planning a construction, or making a building plan you have taken into account the plumbing and piping peculiarities. The builder will need to determine how much Schedule 40 PVC is needed based on distance to pool from equipment pad and exactly how many fittings based on equipment in your package and desired control are needed to complete your project.

A plumbing design must include two systems: the system that supplies water and the. Steel pipe is used for large-distribution water piping metric. Both above ground pool plumbing diagram and in-ground diagram designs can look similar, so make sure you look carefully. The same level of quality can be. There must be at least 24 inches in front of the toilet, but it's OK for a. The purpose of this format is to ensure document presentation that is independent of hardware, operating systems or application sof.

Autocad file showing plumbing layout of a residential building floor plan showing all the pipelines and duct system layout of services and their connection with each other and outside layout.

Every plumbing system design begins with identification of. This isometric diagram will help determine if all. Depending on the desired flow rate, PVC pipes with a 1. Every building in which plumbing. Plumbing design for residential and commercial purpose.

Main water supply and distribution lines. Avoiding obstacles electrical wiring and structural elements can help eliminate the chances of having to redo the work or correct problems. Plumbing detail of a house with floor plan. Create a high quality document online now! More than just heating: a perfect indoor climate for all seasons. Plumbing of Multistoried Building. Not quite. Let s consider who actually owns that surplus material.

When your company has been paid, every piece of material your crew installed belongs to the building owner. But what about those fittings, hangers and valves delivered to the job site but never actually used? Almost certainly, those materials were included in your bid. So aren t they the property of the owner? Not in my opinion. The owner contracted for a mechanical system and presumably has one. Unless it s a cost-plus job or a labor-only job, the owner didn t buy materials delivered to the job site.

The owner bought a mechanical system and has one completely separate and apart from any surplus materials. In my mind, the property owner has no more claim to left-over materials than the same owner would have claim to labor hours not expended or equipment not used on the same job. Unless there s some provision in your contract to the contrary, surplus material belongs to the installing contractor.

But your right to that material and the chance of actually getting it back to your shop are two very different propositions. I see recovery of surplus material as a training issue. As a matter of company policy, make it clear to your crews that surplus material belongs to your company. The supervisor on every job should be accountable for recovery of excess material. Every significant job will have at least some surplus. Accounting for that surplus should be part of your routine close-out procedure.

Fortunately, it s not difficult. I ll explain. Control of surplus materials begins with a good checklist, or form. A blank MET form appears following this section. Your MET should show both what s delivered to the job site material, equipment and tools and surplus drops returned to your shop at project close-out. A MET ensures that the estimator, the shop inventory manager and your field supervisor are on the same page.

Your MET establishes accountability. Nothing falls through the cracks. Job input equals job output plus returns. Everything delivered to the job and not expended should be returned to your shop. Here s how it works: 1. Based on the estimate that won you the job, the items needed are purchased for the job and staged for delivery to the job site. As materials, equipment and tools are delivered to the job site, your supervisor completes the first three columns of the MET form: Description, Quantity and Date.

Back at your shop, both RS and RN materials should be restored to inventory. If your company has an inventory manager, have that manager assign the return value to each item returned. Add two new categories under Inventory Stock on Hand by Vendor. The first new category is Returned Salvage. The second is Returned New. Be sure the value of RS materials includes the cost of any reconditioning done to restore salvaged materials such as pumps and boilers to serviceable condition. That s a very important number to every plumbing and HVAC estimator.

Be sure actual usage gets entered on the Project Summary form. When the take-off on your next estimate is complete, compare that materials list with a summary of RS and RN materials on hand from prior jobs. Evaluate which returned materials can be redeployed on the new job. It s a management decision to either 1 charge the new job for the cost of RS and RN materials already on hand, or 2 consider materials on hand as free and a competitive advantage in winning the new bid.

Either way, RN and RS materials are an asset to your company. Every mechanical contractor has an interest in MET tracking. Everyone in your company should be aware of the need for good materials management. Used correctly, the MET form in this book can help engineer more value into your jobs. Maximizing the Value of Old Estimates There should be two profits in every job. The first is money in the bank a return on time and expenses.

The second is what you learn from the job primarily by comparing the estimate you made with what turns out to be your actual cost. On some jobs, the value of lessons learned may outweigh net revenue.

Every plumbing and HVAC contractor has marginal jobs. That s normal. What shouldn t be normal is repeating mistakes. The best way to avoid trouble in your future is to keep track of your past. Keeping old estimates available for reference can help prevent errors on new estimates. As your file of completed estimates grows, organization becomes more important. You need an easy way to find similar projects with the same components and comparable scope of work.

If your estimating file is in QuickBooks Pro, searching by keyword may be enough. Otherwise, I recommend creating a short summary for each completed job, and an index that references all summaries available for comparison. You ll find a blank Project Summary form at the end of this section. To make reference easier, create an index by type of job and equipment used.

You may choose to use an alphabetical index based on client name or project ID. How to complete the Project Summary form is obvious. The many ways to use this form may not be so obvious, so here are a few pointers.

Use your index of Project Summary forms to find completed jobs most similar to the job you re bidding. Believe it or not, Project Summary forms with the widest margin of error will be most useful.

Ask yourself: Who worked on those projects? Who was the field superintendent? Who were the vendors? Did the errors result from poor estimating or the poor performance of vendors, supervisors or crews? The most common estimating errors occur when a inspecting the job site, b examining the plans or c reading the specifications. What did you miss and why? Look for pitfalls to avoid in the job now being estimated. Identify the biggest two or three mistakes made when bidding that job.

Make a notation about each on the Project Summary form. Now look at your bid for the current job. Which mistakes made on a prior job might you expect on this job? Concentrate on the big three oversights to avoid: Inspecting the job site; examining the plans; and reading the specifications. Unless there s a major error in take-off, your estimate of material costs should be within about 5 percent of the actual costs of materials. However, it s common for labor cost estimates to vary 20 percent or more from actual labor costs.

This is precisely where data from old jobs comes in handy. If your Project Summary files show that some project types are consistent money-losers, either shift your company s focus to another class of work, factor more contingency into your bids, or find some way to wring inefficiencies out of the labor component. Poor staging, delivery and retrieval procedures drag down labor productivity on any job.

Use your file of Project Summary forms to spot any common thread that runs through either money-making jobs or money-losing jobs. For example, if the names of certain subcontractors or vendors are prominent on low-margin jobs, maybe there s a relationship between your profit margin and choice of subs and suppliers. Even the best and most reliable vendors can become complacent if not challenged occasionally. Project Summary forms should note changes and extras identified after the contract was signed both for which your company was paid and changes done without additional compensation.

Projects with changes and extras that exceed about 4 percent of the contract price deserve special scrutiny. Jobs with changes beyond about 4 percent aren t good for business, at least in my opinion.

Nearly all changes have a negative impact on your job schedule and require a disproportionate investment of management resources. Too many changes can antagonize the owner and design staff, even if they were responsible for the altered plans. You may know of a mechanical contractor with a reputation for capitalizing on change orders. But I ve rarely seen a job plagued with changes that turned into a money-maker for anyone except the attorneys.

Your file of Project Summary forms will show job types that carry change order risk. Before finalizing and submitting any bid, consider whether the job will get mired in disputes over changes and extras. If similar jobs have ended on the courthouse steps, factor that risk into your estimate. The important point is to keep and organize the source of your second profit available on every job. What you learn can be more valuable than what you earn.

You ll seldom have the luxury of spending as much time as you would like on an estimate. Estimators who aren t organized waste valuable time and tend to make careless errors. Try to be wellorganized and consistent in your approach to estimating. For most projects, I recommend that you follow the procedures listed below and in the order listed: 1.

Get a second set of project drawings and specifications for use by your suppliers and subcontractors. Remember that your subs and suppliers need access to the plans and specs and time to prepare their quotes.

Study the plans and specs carefully. Highlight important items. Make a list of specific tasks that require labor unit correction factors.

The estimate is never complete until you re totally familiar with the project and the applicable construction codes. Get the general contractor or owner to identify the proposed construction schedule and subcontractor lay-down storage area. Work schedule and site conditions always affect your costs. Contact all potential suppliers and subcontractors as early as possible. Set a time when each can come to your office to make their take-offs from the spare set of contract documents.

When this important preliminary work is done, or in progress, it s time to begin your detailed take-off. Guidelines for Good Estimating You can compile estimates on a legal pad, a printed estimating form or on a computer.

Regardless of the method, these guidelines will apply: List Each Cost Separately on your take-off sheet. Don t combine system estimates, even if the materials are the same type. A combined system estimate may have to be completely redone if materials for one system are changed at a later date.

Use the Estimate Detail Sheet on page 16 if you don t already have a good material take-off form. Use Engineer s Identification Numbers when listing equipment. The word pump without any other description is ambiguous when there are several pumps included in the project. Don t Forget Labor Adjustment factors if your labor costs are significantly higher or lower than the costs used in this book. See instructions on page 7 for adjusting labor costs.

Use Colored Pencils or highlighters to mark the items you ve taken off and listed. Use a different color for each piping or ducting system. Log Telephone Quotes and other important phone conversations on a telephone quote form.

See the sample on page Project Estimated Costs for labor, material and equipment to the time when the work is expected to be done, not when the job is being estimated. The only good estimate is a complete estimate.

You ve probably heard this saying, He who makes the most mistakes is likely to be low bidder, and live to regret it. Preparing the Proposal It s both common courtesy and good business practice to deliver an unpriced copy of your bid or proposal letter to the general contractor three or four days before the bid deadline date.

This gives the contractor time to study your proposal and obtain alternate pricing for items you may have excluded. To avoid misunderstandings, make sure your proposals include, as a minimum, the following elements: 1. The complete name and address of the proposed project. Specification title and issue date. A complete listing of drawings and their issue or revision date.

A complete list of addenda and their dates of issue. A list of specification section numbers covered by your proposal. A list of exclusions, clarifications and assumptions. Your final bid can be phoned in or sent by fax, but it should reach the general contractor or owner no more than five or ten minutes before the bid deadline. Prices submitted too early may have to be revised because of last-minute price changes by subcontractors or suppliers.

Joints are made by applying low-voltage current to electrical resistance coils imbedded in propylene collars, which are slipped over the ends of the pipe, then inserted into the hubs of the fittings. Compression clamps are placed around the assemblies and tightened to compress the joints prior to applying electrical current from the power unit to fuse the joint.

This section has been arranged to save the estimator s time by including all normally-used system components such as pipe, fittings, hanger assemblies, and riser clamps under one heading. The cost estimates in this section are based on the conditions, limitations and wage rates described in the section How to Use This Book beginning on page 5.

Add for rough-in P-trap, fittings, hangers, etc. Add for rough-in pipe, fittings, hangers, etc. Add for MJ couplings. Add for MJ coupling. System includes subcontractors overhead and profit. Cost includes design drawings, zone and supervision valves, sprinkler heads, pipe, and connection to water supply service.

Make additional allowances if a fire pump is required. Costs are based on ordinary hazard coverage sf per head. Use these costs for preliminary estimates. Exposed piping to 5, SF 4. Cost includes sprinkler heads, sprinkler mains, branch piping, and supports. Make additional allowances for zone and supervision valves, alarms, connection to water service and fire pump when required.

Costs are based on ordinary hazard degree heads. Add for alarm trim if required. Add for alarm trim if required 4" butterfly valve SL. FHC, chrome trim SL 1. Standard weight, including hangers every 10' and a fitting every 33'.

Use these figures for preliminary estimates. Standard weight, including a riser clamp every other floor and a tee at every floor. Make additional allowances for sleeving or coring as required. Light weight, including hangers every 10' and a fitting every 33'. Light weight, including a riser clamp every other floor and a tee at every floor. Standard weight, no hangers or fittings. Light weight, no hangers or fittings.

Labor included with fittings. Add for hangers, fittings etc. No hangers or fittings. Green Building Council and Underwriters Laboratories approved. Includes cooling coils, compressor, heat rejection coils, regulator valves, refrigerant tank and remote digital single-zone control package. Set in place with a 13, lb. Add installation costs from the section that follows. Green Building Council, and Underwriters Laboratories approved. Add for the hot water coil. Single zone controls.

Costs shown based on CFM per ton cooling. Unit includes insulated single wall casing, fan section, cooling coil section, heating coil section, mixing plenum section, bag filter section, fan motor, variable pitch drive, vibration isolators and drain pan.

Set in place only. Make additional allowances for coil connections, controls, motor starters and power wiring. DDC controls per zone complete SN 2. An HRV extracts heat from the stale indoor air being exhausted and transfers the heat to the fresh air being drawn into the building through the HRV.

Heat recovery ventilators are also excellent dehumidifiers. HRV unit features include energy-efficient defrost cycle, cross-flow polypropylene heat exchanger, acoustically lined cabinet, outdoor air filter. Allow cfm per person or. Make additional allowances for duct, diffusers, controls, air balancing, electrical connections and condensate drain. HRV cfm SN 4. HRV cfm SN 5. Hang in place only. They re notorious for what they leave out.

They ll rarely show more than one coil bank, no matter how big the system. Furthermore, the drawings hardly ever call out sizes for either the piping or the control valves.

Don t be taken in by the apparent simplicity of the system as shown in these drawings. It s likely to be only the tip of the iceberg. For example, unless the air handling capacity of the system is less than 16, CFM, the single coil bank shown won t be adequate.

Add one or two more coil banks and you re looking at a lot more piping and a more complex system that takes longer to install. You probably haven t even decided which equipment supplier to use. This is hardly the time for you to start researching heating and cooling coils. Nevertheless, you need better, more complete and realistic data to come up with a competitive estimate. I ll tell you how and where to track down the hard data that you need, and also pass along a few tips on estimating water coil piping.

They ll help you avoid leaving something out of your estimates a real pitfall for any beginner. It s those little but essential items, so easily overlooked, that are so deadly to a profit margin. Finally, check the next two pages of diagrams with tables. The data given there, combined with the data you collected earlier, forms the basis for informed guesswork. The Hard Data There are two things you absolutely must know to estimate water coil piping. First, the size of the branch piping to the coils; second, the CFM rating of the air handling units for the system.

To find the pipe sizes, look at either the floor plans or the details for the equipment room. They ll list the sizes of the branch run-out pipes. Once you know them, you can make a good guess at the right size for the control valves. See the diagrams and tables on pages and The only information you need is the CFM ratings of the air handling units and the branch piping sizes to the coils.

If the system s capacity is over 16, CFM, you need two or three coil banks. Be sure to include the reducing fittings you ll need in any estimate.

That means you ll need either two or three reducing fittings per control valve. Be sure you include their cost in your estimates. Using the Diagrams In the following diagrams, for clarity, some items aren t included. These items are: balance valves, shut-off valves, reducers, strainers, gauges and gauge taps. Any details you need about these items for your estimate are in the engineer s coil piping details. Connection assembly includes pipe, fittings, pipe insulation, valves, gauges, thermometers and vents.

Connection assembly includes pipe and fittings, pipe insulation, valves, gauges, thermometers and vents. Ea 17, , , , Air handling unit coil connection, three-row coil bank, 2-way control valve design. Ea 14, , , , " supply SN Ea 19, , , , Air handling unit coil connection, three-row coil bank, 3-way control valve design.

Said work is to be performed in accordance with the prime contract and the plans and specifications. It is agreed that this Agreement represents the entire agreement. The phrase Contract Documents is defined to mean and include: Drawing Nos. Any job progress schedules are hereby made a part of and incorporated herein by reference. Pipe hanger inserts will be furnished and installed by Contractor.

All trash pickup by Subcontractor; haul-away will be by General Contractor. Contractors are required by law to be licensed and regulated by the Contractors State License Board. Any questions concerning a contractor may be referred to the registrar of the board whose address is: Contractors State License Board -- P. Contractor s State License No. If subcontract is bonded, obtain consent of surety endorsed thereon. No payments on account of this Change Order will be made until you have complied with the foregoing.

Published by San Diego Chapter A. Purchase orders are sometimes used to write subcontracts whose value does not exceed one or two thousand dollars. Refer to the sample purchase order on page While most of the purchase order is self-explanatory, certain items need to be emphasized: Description should include all pertinent data such as model numbers, arrangements, performance requirements, applicable standards, electrical characteristics and so on.

Tag is used to identify a particular piece of equipment to facilitate unloading it at the proper location at the jobsite. Tag numbers for all major equipment can usually be found on the contract drawings. Time will be required to arrange for a crane or forklift to unload the truck. Sales tax is the current state sales tax which must be included unless the goods are to be delivered and installed at a project located out-of-state.

Terms : The usual payment terms are Net 30 which means the entire amount of the purchase order must be paid within thirty days after receipt of all goods, undamaged. If items are received damaged, payment should be withheld until satisfactory repair or replacement is made.

All shipments are to be F. More complex jobs require more complete and detailed schedules. On larger jobs, lower-tier subcontractors may be required to prepare a bar chart showing their construction schedule. If you have to prepare a construction schedule, make conservative estimates of the time required to complete each part of the job. A slower schedule makes it possible to use smaller crews which are usually more efficient. You can t schedule your own work until the general contractor has supplied a schedule for the balance of the project.

When you have that schedule, prepare a list of tasks your crews will perform. Show this list to the general contractor to be certain there are no conflicts with the master schedule. When the list of tasks to be performed has been approved, begin recording the manhours required for each task.

Take these manhours from your estimate. When the duration for each task has been determined, figure the crew sizes required. For example, suppose the estimate shows that it will take 1, manhours to install the underground plumbing for a project.

The work must be completed in two months. Assuming one worker averages hours of work in one month, how many workers will be required to meet the schedule? The chart on page is intended for use by the subcontractor. It includes information a mechanical subcontractor needs to determine proper crew sizes for each task. The Cumulative Manhours line shows the budgeted manhours for each month of the project.

If labor costs are to be kept within budget, actual hours should not exceed estimated hours. Monitor labor costs each month by comparing the line Actual MH Used actual manhours used with the line Cumulative MH estimated cumulative manhours. Controls Start-up Plumbing MH x.

Most of these submittals will be prepared by your suppliers and third-tier subs. Vendors and subs may be reluctant to prepare these documents without some assurance that they've been selected to do the work.

That's the purpose of a letter of intent. It notifies a proposed vendor or subcontractor that you plan to contract with them when the owner approves the information submitted. A letter of intent isn't a contract. It's an expressed intention to make a contract, which isn't a contract at all. But a vendor who gets your letter of intent and supplies all the information requested should get the contract.

If you place the order with a different vendor, obviously, your letter of intent was worthless. That first vendor may be very reluctant to cooperate in the future. A sample letter of intent follows this page. A Attn: Mr. Quikrap Dear Mr. Quikrap: Acme Mechanical Contractors has been issued a subcontract to furnish and install the mechanical and plumbing systems for the proposed Mile-Hi Office Building to be located at Second Street in Smallville.

You may have to submit six to ten copies of this technical data for approval before buying the equipment or contracting with third-tier subcontractors. First, find out how many submittal copies will be required. Request that number of copies plus at least two additional sets for your use. A subcontractor who provides only services no materials may have to submit a detailed written explanation of the work to be done.

The second step is to label each submittal with the paragraph number of the specification where that equipment, material or service is described.

Type or write this number in the upper right corner of each submittal sheet. From this set of numbered submittals, prepare a submittal index, a list of submittals identified by title and paragraph number. This index should be arranged in specification paragraph order. A blank submittal index form follows this section. I prefer to use a three-ring binder to hold submittals.

That makes it easier to add and delete sections as needed. Be sure to include a cover sheet, usually on company letterhead, which identifies the project, job number and scope of work being submitted. A sample submittal cover sheet follows this section. Purchase orders and subcontracts should not be written until an approved copy of the submittal brochure has been received. In any case, your bill has to include enough detail to satisfy the owner and the lender. Before preparing your bill, ask the general contractor how much detail is required.

Some general contractors will want detailed cost breakdowns showing costs for each system on each building floor. Others will require much less detail. Find out if billings can include the cost of equipment and materials delivered and stored either on site or off site but not yet installed. If billings can include materials stored off site, do these materials have to be stored in a bonded warehouse? Do vendor's invoices have to accompany progress billings? When you understand what's required for monthly progress billings, prepare a billing breakdown worksheet.

A sample worksheet follows this section. Column one, Activity Lists each work item in the order work will be performed. The first item listed will usually be mobilization. This includes the cost of the job site trailer, electrical and telephone hookups, office furniture and supplies and initial labor costs. Billings for mobilization costs are sometimes denied by the lender.

Many contractors minimize these costs to increase the chance of approval. It's better to receive partial payment for these costs than none at all. Markup for overhead and profit are not included. Column three, Factor This column shows the markup assigned to each activity. Activities scheduled to be completed first are usually assigned the highest markups.

This is called front loading and is common in the construction industry. Most bills won't be paid for 30 to 60 days. When the bill is paid, the amount received probably won't include the percentage allowed for retention.

Generally, retention is 10 percent and isn't released until the project is complete and accepted by the owner. Front loading helps contractors carry the financial burden of work in progress.

Few subcontractors have enough cash to pay all their bills when due and still wait months to collect for work that's been completed. Employees have to be paid in full and on time.

Assigning a higher markup to work completed first accelerates the payment schedule and helps spread payments more evenly over the entire project. Front loading is routine with subcontractors and unpopular with owners and lenders. In practice, subcontractors have no choice but to place a higher price or higher markup on work completed first.

Note that figures in the Factor column are less than 1. That's because front loading doesn't change the contract price. It changes only when that money is received. Use the figures in this column when submitting monthly progress invoices. Thomson An estimating CD with all the costs in this book, plus, An estimating program.

Also all fixtures and equipment which. All work to be performed under the change order must be itemized, including the work of all subcontractors. Items must be relevant. Construction Industry Advisor Winter Expense or capitalize? New repair regulations offer guidance for contractors How your contracts can help strengthen cash flow Sales and use taxes Evaluate your.

Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division Revenue for the Fund comes from Assessments on Building Permits.

Please turn down cell phones and put pagers on vibrate. The Design Development Documents shall consist of drawings and other. Summary B. Submittals C.

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We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available! Man-hours, labor and material costs for all common plumbing and HVAC work in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Anyone can quickly work up a reliable estimate based on the pipe, fittings and equipment required for the job. Every plumbing and HVAC estimator can use the cost estimates in this practical manual. Sample estimating and bidding forms and contracts also included.

Explains how to handle change orders, letters of intent, and warranties. Describes the right way to process submittals, deal with suppliers and subcontract specialty work.

Manhours, labor and material costs for all common plumbing and HVAC work in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. You can quickly work up a reliable estimate based on the pipe, fittings and equipment required. If you need to estimate the cost of plumbing or HVAC systems, this book will be your most reliable guide to figuring the time required for installation and the labor and material cost. You get the in-place cost for all common plumbing and HVAC work in residential, commercial and industrial buildings.

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