18th edition pdf download

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If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Privacy Overview This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. It is also a vital reference source for many other professionals and opera- tives whose work demands a knowledge of electrical installations, includ- ing electrical engineers, heating engineers, architects and maintenance staff.

It is not intended as a DIY manual, although some non-qual- ified persons may find certain topics useful before calling in qualified operatives. The contents of this new edition cover current professional best practice and are fully compliant with the 18th Edition IET Wiring Regulations.

In the early days of electricity supply, each town or city in the United Kingdom had its own power station which supplied the needs of its particular area. Standardization was not evident and many different voltages and frequencies were used throughout the country.

However, the heavy demands made by the war indus- try showed the inadequacies of the system and several select commit- tees were set up to investigate possible changes. Little was achieved until , when it was suggested that of the largest and most efficient power stations should be selected and connected by a grid of high-voltage CHAPTER 1 The UK Generation, Transmission and Distribution System 2 transmission lines covering the whole country, and, at the same time, the frequency standardized at 50 Hz.

The remaining power stations would be closed down and local supply authorities would obtain their electricity in bulk from the grid, via suitable substations. The system voltage was V kV and the supply frequency 50 Hz. Electricity boards have become Distribution Network Operators DNOs and they, in turn, buy electrical energy from the National Grid Company to distribute to their own consumers. The broad structure of the industry is shown in Figure 1. This immediately creates a problem of voltage drop.

We cannot, however, generate at such high voltages the maximum in modern generators is 25 kV and transformers are used to step up the generated voltage to the transmission voltage. At the end of a transmission line is a grid substation, where the requirements of the grid system in that area can be controlled and where the transmission voltage is stepped down via a transformer to kV.

It is at this stage that the different DNOs distribute the power required by their consumers around that particular area. See also Chapter 4 Bathrooms. These circuits cover the normal domestic circuits for power and lighting. Such safeguards and guarantees are embedded in the Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations They also require the supplier to give written details of external loop impedance and prospective short-circuit values.

They affect every person at work, whether an employer, an employee or a self-employed person, and they place a duty on each per- son to carry out safe working practices with regard to matters electrical that are within his or her control. This piece of legislation is the only one in the United Kingdom that assumes anyone who contravenes certain regulations to be guilty.

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