Ashrae 62.1 pdf 2016 free download

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Oct 1, Version 3. Added all new space types for the and versions 3. Updated the air distribution list for the and versions 4. Updated UI 7. Updated help. Mar 17, Version 2. Updated user interface 3. Optimized for iOS 8 4. Updated in-app icons higher-res 5. Description Details Versions. Publisher Description. View all images. The latest version is 3. See below the changes in each version:. This app is the essential app for anyone in the HVAC industry.

Stroud Christine Q. Sun Don Surrena Eric D. Werling Bruce A. Wilcox Ted A. Reindl, Chair Rita M. Harrold, Vice-Chair James D. Aswegan Niels Bidstrup Donald M. Brundage John A. Clark Waller S. Clements John F. Dunlap James W. Earley, Jr. Keith I. Emerson Steven J. Emmerich Julie M. Ferguson Walter T.

Grondzik Roger L. Hedrick Srinivas Katipamula Rick A. Larson Lawrence C. Markel Arsen K. Melikov Mark P. Modera Cyrus H. Nasseri Heather L. Stanke Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr. Jack H. Zarour Julia A. Vallort, CO Stephanie C. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.

Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.

In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Readers are encouraged to use these procedures to propose changes to the standard. The committee will consider and take formal action on every proposal received.

The standard is now published in its entirety every third year and includes all approved addenda and errata. This procedure allows users to have certainty about when the new editions will be published. Since extensive experience has been gained in the application of this standard due to its adoption by various building codes and use in numerous building programs.

Additionally, the science regarding indoor air quality and its relationship to health has advanced significantly. As such, many clarifications and improvements have been identified and incorporated, including through the approved addenda for the edition. Major changes since the edition include two scope changes: the inclusion of unvented space heaters as a potential contaminant source that the standard can address, and the expansion of covered dwellings to include all multifamily dwelling units regardless of building height.

Other major changes include a de minimus calculated mechanical ventilation rate of 15 cfm to require the installation of mechanical ventilation in existing homes addendum b ; a distinction between range hoods and other kitchen ventilation options addendum c ; a method for determining an infiltration credit for horizontally attached multifamily dwelling units addendum j ; and a method for determining requirements for a variety of noncontinuous ventilation strategies addendum v.

Addendum v also implements a maximum short-term relative exposure limit for the first time, in addition to the traditional use of annual dose. As in previous editions of this standard, there are three primary sets of requirements and a number of secondary ones.

The three primary sets involve whole-building ventilation, local demand-controlled exhaust, and source control. Whole-building ventilation is intended to dilute the unavoid- able contaminant emissions from people, from materials, and from background processes. Local demand-controlled exhaust is intended to remove contaminants from kitchens and bathrooms that, because of their design function, are expected to contain sources of contaminants.

Other source control measures are included to deal with those sources that can be reasonably anticipated to be found in a residence. Examples include sound and flow ratings for fans, controls, and labeling requirements. This standard does not address specific pollutant concentration levels. It also does not address certain potential pollutant sources such as contamination from outdoor sources or from episodic occupant-controlled events such as painting, smoking, cleaning, or other high-polluting events.

For information on residential ventilation and IAQ beyond the minimum requirements contained in this standard, users may wish to consult the companion guideline, which was also developed by the Standard PURPOSE This standard defines the roles of and minimum requirements for mechanical and natural ventilation systems and the building envelope intended to provide acceptable indoor air quality IAQ in residential buildings.

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Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Related Papers. Assessing the performance of air cleaning devices — A full-scale test method.

This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee SSPC for which the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revi- sions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard.

E-mail: orders ashrae. Fax: Telephone: worldwide , or toll free for orders in US and Canada. For reprint permission, go to www. For personal use only. Hedrick, Chair Vincent T. Galatro Darren B. Meyers John K. Rogers Dennis A. Stanke, Chair — John R. Girman Duane P. Rothstein Leon E. Alevantis Diane I.

Green Lawrence J. Schoen Michael G. Apte Donald C. Herrmann Chandra Sekhar David C. Bixby Thomas P. Houston Harris M. Sheinman Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Eli P. Siano Gregory Brunner Roger L. Howard Jeffrey K. Smith Mark P.

Buttner Wayne M. Lawton Anthony J. Spata Waller S. Sun David R. Conover Chris R. Magee Jan Sundell Leonard A. Damiano Carl A. Marbery Wayne R. Thomann Richard A. Vyavaharkar Francis J. Fisher, Jr. Adam S. Muliawan Michael W.

Woodford Christopher O. Bushby, Chair Merle F. McBride H. Abramson Janice C. Peterson Robert G. Baker Douglas T. Reindl Michael F. Beda Lawrence J. Schoen Hoy R. Boggarm S. Setty Kenneth W. Cooper Bodh R. Subherwal K. William Dean James R. Tauby Martin Dieryckx James K. Vallort Allan B. Fraser William F. Walter Nadar R. Jayaraman Michael W. Woodford Byron W. Jones Craig P. Wray Jay A. Kohler Wayne R. Marriott Thomas E. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.

Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.

Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

Regional air quality compliance status. Note: Regional outdoor air quality compliance status for occupiable space: an enclosed space intended for human the United States is available from the U. Environmen- activities, excluding those spaces that are intended primarily tal Protection Agency located under www.

Local survey information: rooms, and that are only occupied occasionally and for short 1. Date of observations periods of time. Time of observations odor: a quality of gases, liquids, or particles that stimulates the 3. Site description olfactory organ.

Description of facilities on site and on adjoining properties readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly for oper- 5. Observation of odors or irritants ation without requiring those for whom ready access is 6. Observation of visible plumes or visible air contami- required to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to porta- nants ble ladders, chairs, or other climbing aids.

Description of sources of vehicle exhaust on site and ventilation: the process of supplying air to or removing air on adjoining properties from a space for the purpose of controlling air contaminant 8. Identification of potential contaminant sources on the levels, humidity, or temperature within the space. Conclusions regarding the acceptability of outdoor air enclosed by the building envelope, plus that of any spaces quality based on consideration of information from inves- permanently open to the occupiable space, such as a ceiling tigation.

Ventilating systems shall pancy category see Table , occupant density, zone air be designed in accordance with the following requirements.

The ventilation air primary airflow see Section 6. When the ceiling or floor plenum into a single zone for ventilation calculations purposes.

Outdoor air quality shall be investigated in accordance Note: Systems with direct connection of ventilation air with Sections 4. The results of this investigation shall be docu- ment. The design documents shall spec- 4. The status of compliance with ify minimum requirements for air balance testing or reference national ambient air quality standards shall be determined for applicable national standards for measuring and balancing the geographic area of the building site.

The design documentation shall state assumptions 4. In the United 5. Mechanical ventilation to identify local contaminants from surrounding facilities that systems shall include controls, manual or automatic, that may be of concern if allowed to enter the building. Documentation of the outdoor air qual- are occupied. The system shall be designed to maintain no less ity investigation shall be reviewed with building owners or their than the minimum outdoor airflow as required by Section 6 representative and shall include the following as a minimum: under any load condition.

Note: Variable Air Volume VAV systems with fixed equivalent or lesser rate of introduction of contaminants outdoor air damper positions must comply with this require- from outdoor sources will be attained. Note: Appendix F presents an analytical method for 5. All airstream surfaces in equip- determining the minimum separation distances based on dilu- ment and ducts in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning tion of outdoor contaminants.

Outdoor air intakes that are part the following requirements. Limit water penetration through the intake to 0.

Select louvers that limit water penetration to a maximum that is continuously wetted is still subject to microbial growth. This water penetration rate shall be deter- 5. Ventilation system outdoor c. Select louvers that restrict wind-driven rain penetration to intakes shall be designed in accordance with the following. Outdoor air intakes including openings simulated rainfall of 3 in. Note 2: Minimum distance listed does not apply to laboratory fume hood exhaust air outlets.

Note 4: Distance measured to closest place that vehicle exhaust is likely to be located. Note 5: Shorter separation distance shall be permitted where outdoor surfaces are sloped more than 45 degrees from horizontal or that are less than 1 in.

Use rain hoods sized for no more than fpm 2. The speci- fied conditions challenge the system dehumidification 5. Air-handling and distribution performance with high outdoor latent load and low space equipment mounted outdoors shall be designed to prevent rain sensible heat ratio.

For a building, the ventilation sys- a. Suitable access doors to permit cleaning of wetted sur- tem s shall be designed to ensure that the minimum outdoor faces shall be provided. Outdoor air ductwork or plenums shall pitch to drains mechanical air-conditioning systems are dehumidifying. Outdoor air intakes shall include a screening device designed to prevent penetration by a 0.

Note: Although individual zones within a building may 13 mm diameter probe. The screening device material shall be neutral or negative with respect to outdoors or to other be corrosion resistant. The screening device shall be located, zones, net positive mechanical intake airflow for the building or other measures shall be taken, to prevent bird nesting as a whole reduces infiltration of untreated outdoor air.

Drain pans, including their outlets and Note: Any horizontal surface may be subject to bird nesting. The discharge from this section. Pans intended to collect and generated by the equipment shall be ducted directly to the drain liquid water shall be sloped at least 0. The drain pan outlet shall be located 5. Fuel-burning appliances, both at the lowest point s of the drain pan and shall be of sufficient vented and unvented, shall be provided with sufficient air for diameter to preclude drain pan overflow under any normally combustion and adequate removal of combustion products expected operating condition.

Products of 5. For configurations that result in neg- combustion from vented appliances shall be vented directly ative static pressure at the drain pan relative to the drain out- outdoors.

Particulate matter filters against ingestion of ambient air while allowing complete or air cleaners having a minimum efficiency reporting value drainage of the drain pan under any normally expected oper- MERV of not less than 6 when rated in accordance with ating condition, whether the fan is ON or OFF. The drain pan shall be located under the through which air is supplied to an occupiable space.

Drain pan width shall be sufficient to collect water droplets across the entire width of the water- 5. Mechanical air-conditioning producing device or assembly. For horizontal airflow config- systems with dehumidification capability shall be designed to urations, the drain pan length shall begin at the leading face comply with the following. Access doors, panels, or drain pan to 0. Outdoor air intake areaways or plenums 5.

A drain pan in accordance with Sec- b. Mixed air plenums tion 5. Upstream surface of each heating, cooling, and heat- coil assemblies and all condensate-producing heat exchangers. Indi- vidual finned-tube coils or multiple finned-tube coils in series d. Both upstream and downstream surface of each heating, cooling, and heat-recovery coil having a total of more without intervening access space s of at least 18 in.

Air cleaners f. Drain pans and drain seals Exception: When access for cleaning of both upstream and g. Fans downstream coil surfaces is provided as well as clear and h. Humidifiers complete instructions for access and cleaning of both upstream and downstream coil surfaces are provided.

The build- 5. Steam and ing envelope and interior surfaces within the building enve- direct evaporation humidifiers, air washers, and other lope shall be designed in accordance with the following.

The building envelope, this section. Water shall originate directly from shall comply with the following: a potable source or from a source with equal or better water a. A weather barrier or other means shall be provided to pre- quality. Air cleaners or ductwork obstruc- Exception: When the envelope is engineered to allow tions, such as turning vanes, volume dampers, and duct offsets incidental water penetration to occur without result- greater than 15 degrees, that are installed downstream of ing in damage to the envelope construction.

An appropriately placed vapor retarder or other means equal to or greater than the absorption distance recommended shall be provided to limit water vapor diffusion to prevent by the humidifier or water spray system manufacturer. Exception: Equipment such as eliminators, coils, or evapo- Exception: When the envelope is engineered to manage rative media shall be permitted to be located within the incidental condensation without resulting in dam- absorption distance recommended by the manufacturer, age to the envelope construction.

Exterior joints, seams, or penetrations in the building of Section 5. Ventilation equipment shall be installed with sufficient working space for inspection Note: In localities where soils contain high concentra- and routine maintenance e.

Access doors, sub-slab depressurization. Pipes, ducts, convenient and unobstructed access sufficient to inspect, and other surfaces within the building whose surface temper- maintain, and calibrate all ventilation system components for atures are expected to fall below the surrounding dew-point which routine inspection, maintenance, or calibration is nec- temperature shall be insulated.

The insulation system thermal essary. Description Air Class Exceptions: a. Where condensate will wet only surfaces that can be Diazo printing equipment discharge 4 managed to prevent or control mold growth. Commercial kitchen grease hoods 4 b.

Where local practice has demonstrated that conden- Commercial kitchen hoods other than grease 3 sation does not result in mold growth. Laboratory hoods 4 5. In order Residential kitchen vented hoods 3 to limit the entry of vehicular exhaust into occupiable spaces, buildings with attached parking garages shall be designed to: Hydraulic elevator machine room 2 a. A mixture of air that has been trans- c.

Note: For example, mixed return air to a common system serving both a Class 1 space and a Class 2 space is designated 5. Air shall be as Class 2 air. Redesignation of Class 1 air with the following sections. Air return, transfer, or exhaust ancillary to Class 2 spaces. Air leaving spaces or locations the office to receive Class 2 air.

When the Ventilation be designated with the same classification as air from the Rate Procedure of Section 6 is used to determine ventilation air- most similar space or location listed in terms of occupant flow values, recirculation of air shall be limited in accordance activities and building construction. Exception: Air from spaces where ETS is present.

Classifi- 5. Recirculation or transfer of Class 1 cation of air from spaces where ETS is present is not air to any space shall be permitted. Spaces that are expected to include ETS do 5. Class 2 space. Class 2 air also includes air that is not necessarily be permitted. If air leaving a space or location 5. Class 4 air shall not be recirculated indicator at representative locations in the opening, such as on or transferred to any space nor recirculated within the space of 1 ft 0.

When air is transferred from ETS- pancy category, airstream, or location not listed in Table , free areas to ETS areas, the transfer airflow rate shall be main- Table , or Table The requirements of this section must doors, walls, or floors, transfer grilles, transfer ducts, or be met when a building contains both ETS areas and ETS-free unducted air plenums with air pressure differentials in com- areas.

Such buildings shall be constructed and operated in pliance with Section 5. This section does not purport to achieve acceptable indoor air quality in 5. Air-handling and natural ventila- ETS areas. Exhaust or relief air from an ETS area shall be discharged such that none of the air is recir- 5. A sign shall be posted outside each entrance to each ETS area. Dwelling units, including hotel and motel guest- may be posted outside a larger ETS area that includes the area rooms, and adjacent properties under different own- where smoking is permitted.

This Exception: Instead of the specified sign, equivalent notifica- exception shall apply only when: tion means acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- 1. In addition, the the rate of 0. Adjacent spaces otherwise required to be held at neg- met regardless of the method used to determine minimum out- ative pressure and posted with signs due to the pres- door airflow rates.

Note: Although the intake airflow determined using each of these approaches may differ significantly because of 5. Solid walls, floors, ceilings, and doors assumptions about the design, any of these approaches is a equipped with automatic closing mechanisms shall separate valid basis for design. The prescriptive design Exception: Openings without doors are permitted in the procedure presented in Section 6. Air-cleaning devices for ozone shall be system. This performance-based design exceeding the most recent 3-year average annual fourth-high- procedure presented in Section 6.

The prescriptive dations and shall be approved by the authority having juris- design procedure presented in Section 6. Such devices shall be operated whenever outdoor air is provided through openings to the outdoors, shall be per- ozone levels are expected to exceed 0.

The minimum system design outdoor air intake flow results in 1. The outdoor air intake b. Controls are provided that sense outdoor ozone level flow Vot for a ventilation system shall be determined in and reduce intake airflow to result in 1.

Outdoor air is brought into the building and heated schematic Figure A If outdoor air is judged to be unacceptable in accordance with Section 4. When the tion system that provides outdoor air through a supply fan building is located in an area where the national standard for shall comply with the following sections.

Ventilation zone parameters Note: Occupied spaces ventilated with outdoor air that is shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6. The outdoor 6. When the building is located in an area where or spaces in a ventilation zone, i. Refer to Section 5. Rates may be adjusted for actual density but such adjustment is not required for compliance with this standard. B Rate may not be sufficient when stored materials include those having potentially harmful emissions.

C Rate does not allow for humidity control. Additional ventilation or dehumidification may be required to remove moisture. D Rate does not include special exhaust for stage effects, e. F Default occupancy for dwelling units shall be two persons for studio and one-bedroom units, with one additional person for each additional bedroom. G Air from one residential dwelling shall not be recirculated or transferred to any other space outside of that dwelling.

If the largest or average number of people expected to air quality. Design zone pop- shall be permitted, provided such value is the product of ulation Pz shall equal the largest peak number of people the net occupiable area of the ventilation zone and the expected to occupy the ventilation zone during typical usage.

Exceptions: 6. The zone a. If the number of people expected to occupy the ventila- air distribution effectiveness Ez shall be no greater than the tion zone fluctuates, zone population equal to the average default value determined using Table Ceiling supply of cool air.

For ventilation systems 0. Floor supply of cool air and ceiling return provided that 6. For ventilation sys- the fpm 0. Note: Most underfloor air dis- to one or more ventilation zones, the outdoor air intake flow tribution systems comply with this proviso.

Vot shall be determined in accordance with Equation For venti- Floor supply of warm air and floor return. Primary out- 0. The uncor- 1. For values of Max Zpz between 0. The values of Ev in this table are based on a 0. For systems with higher values of the average outdoor air fraction, this table may result in unrealistically low 6.

The occupant diversity values of Ev and the use of Appendix A may yield more practical results. Equation Exception: Alternative methods to account for occupant 6.

The design outdoor air Note: Examples of reset methods or devices include intake flow Vot shall be determined in accordance with population counters, carbon dioxide CO2 sensors, timers, Equation Ventilation systems zone population. Note: The minimum outdoor air intake flow may be less 6. A written description of than the design value at part-load conditions. If it is known that the intended operational functions shall be provided. Variations in the effi- period T determined by Equation a using I-P units Equa- ciency with which outdoor air is distributed to the occupants tion b using SI units.

Equation and the design value of the zone 6. For each contaminant or mixture of concern, indoor sources occupants Acceptable design adjustments based on this optional and materials and outdoor sources shall be identified, and the provision include the following: emission rate for each contaminant of concern from each source shall be determined.

Zones with fluctuating occupancy: the zone population Note: Appendix B lists information for some potential Pz may be averaged over time T. Zones with intermittent interruption of supply air: the average outdoor airflow supplied to the breathing zone 6. For each contami- over time T shall be no less than the breathing zone out- nant of concern, a concentration limit and its corresponding door airflow Vbz calculated using Equation Systems with intermittent closure of the outdoor air authority shall be specified.

The design level of indoor air acceptability shall be specified in terms of the 6. Zone and system outdoor air- 6. Using a steady-state or or visitor evaluation plans shall also be included in the docu- dynamic mass-balance analysis, determine the minimum out- mentation. Natural ventilation specified in Section 6.

Exceptions: a. Appendix D includes steady-state mass-balance equa- a. An engineered natural ventilation system, when tions that describe the impact of air cleaning on outdoor approved by the authority having jurisdiction, need air and recirculation rates for ventilation systems serving not meet the requirements of Section 6. The mechanical ventilation systems are not required b. In the completed building, measurement of the concentra- when: tion of contaminants or mixtures of concern may be use- 1.

Natural ventilation openings that comply with ful as a means of checking the accuracy of the design the requirements of Section 6. Using a subjective 2. The zone is not served by heating or cooling occupant evaluation conducted in the completed building, equipment.

Spaces, or portions of within each zone served by the system. Appendix B presents one approach to subjective occupant meet the requirements of Section 6. For spaces with ceil- evaluation. Level of acceptability often increases in response to be determined in accordance with Section 6. The minimum outdoor airflow 6. For spaces with operable rates shall be no less than those found in accordance with Sec- openings on two opposite sides of the space, the maximum tion 6.

For spaces with operable with similar contaminant sources and emission rates. The IAQ procedure in conjunction with the Ven- 5H along a line drawn between the two openings which are tilation Rate Procedure may be applied to a zone or system.

In farthest apart. Floor area outside that line must comply with this case, the Ventilation Rate Procedure shall be used to Section 6. Exception: For ceilings that are increasing in height as dis- Note: The improvement of indoor air quality through the tance from the openings is increased, the ceiling height use of air cleaning or provision of additional outdoor air in shall be determined as the average height of the ceiling conjunction with minimum ventilation rates may be quantified within 6 m 20 ft.

Spaces, or portions 6. Where openings are covered with louvers or other- inants of concern, the concentration limits and exposure peri- wise obstructed, openable area shall be based on the net free ods and the references for these limits, and the analytical unobstructed area through the opening.

See Sections 4. The means to open documentation. Controls 7. The requirements of this section apply 6. The design exhaust airflow shall be to ventilation systems and the spaces they serve in new build- determined in accordance with the requirements in Table Exhaust makeup air may be any combination of outdoor air, 7.

Systems designed with particle filters shall recirculated air, and transfer air. Provide the higher rate where periods of heavy use are expected to occur, e. The lower rate may be used otherwise. E Rate is for a toilet room intended to be occupied by one person at a time. For continuous system operation during normal hours of use, the lower rate may be used.

Otherwise use the higher rate. F See other applicable standards for exhaust rate. G For continuous system operation, the lower rate may be used. When recommended by ing,22 or equivalent at least to the extent necessary to verify the manufacturer, building materials shall be protected from conformance with the total outdoor airflow and space supply rain and other sources of moisture by appropriate in-transit and airflow requirements of this standard.

Porous materials with visible microbial 7. To minimize conditions of growth shall not be installed. Nonporous materials with visible water stagnation that may result in microbial growth, drain microbial growth shall be decontaminated. The requirements of Section 7. Ventilation air distri- 7. Measures shall be bution systems shall be clean of dirt and debris.

Prior to occupancy, each contaminants to occupied areas. Examples of acceptable mea- ventilation system shall be tested to ensure that outdoor air sures include, but are not limited to, sealing the construction dampers operate properly in accordance with the system area using temporary walls or plastic sheathing, exhausting design. Air duct systems her designee, retained within the building, and made available shall be constructed in accordance with the following stan- to the building operating personnel: dards, as applicable: a.

An operating and maintenance manual describing basic a. Flexible Duct d. Duct e. Design criteria and assumptions. The requirements of this section apply tioning and Ventilating Systems, and NFPA 90B,21 Stan- to buildings and their ventilation systems and their compo- dard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air- nents constructed or renovated after the adoption date of this Conditioning Systems section.

Ventila- 7. The requirements of this section apply reevaluated when changes in building use or occupancy cate- to the following ventilation systems: gory, significant building alterations, significant changes in occupant density, or other changes inconsistent with system a. Newly installed air-handling systems. Existing air-handling systems undergoing supply air or outdoor airflow reduction—only the requirements of Sec- 8.

An Operations tion 7. This manual Section 7. Systems shall be operated such that Manual. All dehumidifying are expected to be occupied.

Drain pans shall be visually 8. Areas adja- 8. Humidifiers shall be cleaned and areas shall be visually inspected for cleanliness and integrity maintained to limit fouling and microbial growth.

B Visually inspect or remotely monitor for proper function. C Clean and maintain to limit fouling and microbial growth. D Visually inspect for cleanliness and microbial growth and clean when fouling is observed.

E Visually inspect for cleanliness and integrity and clean when necessary. F Verify accuracy and recalibrate or replace as necessary. G Measure minimum quantity of outdoor air.

H Treat to limit the growth of microbiological contaminants. I Maintain to prevent transport of contaminants from the floor drain to the plenum.

J Keep clear the space provided for routine maintenance and inspection around ventilation equipment. K Investigate and rectify. This activity shall occur at a minimum of once Conditioning Applications. A sensor failing to meet the accuracy specified in the Atlanta, GA. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Air Movement and Control Association 8. Cooling tower water systems International, Inc. Arlington Heights, IL.

Air Movement and Manual or the water treatment program. Control Association International, Inc. Arlington 8. The Heights, IL. Floor drains located in air ple- Efficiency by Particle Size. American Society of Heat- nums or rooms that serve as plenums shall be maintained to ing, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Visible microbial con- Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Sys- tamination shall be investigated and rectified.

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and 8. Water intrusion or accumulation Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. CFR 50 , as amended July 30, and Oct. Environmental Protection Agency. National Association, Inc. National Fire Protec- tion, Inc. National brook, IL.

Edition, This is a normative appendix and is part of the A1. The average outdoor standard. In this alternative proce- dure, Ev is equal to the lowest calculated value of the zone Note: For VAV system design purposes, Vps is the highest expected system primary airflow at the design condition ventilation efficiency Evz see Equation A-8 below.

System primary airflow at design is usually less than Figure A-1 contains a ventilation system schematic depicting the sum of design zone primary airflow values, since primary most of the quantities used in this appendix. The zone ventilation efficiency Evz , i. Figure A-1 Ventilation system schematic. For been directly mixed with outdoor air from other zones, zone VAV system design purposes, zone ventilation efficiency Evz ventilation efficiency Evz shall be determined in accordance for each ventilation zone shall be found using the minimum with Equation A Examples of secondary-recirculation sys- expected zone primary airflow Vpz and using the highest tems include dual-fan dual-duct and fan-powered mixing-box expected system primary airflow Vps at the design condition systems, and systems that include transfer fans for conference analyzed.

Zone ventilation efficiency Evz shall be calculated for all ventilation zones. Minimum zone discharge airflow rate per unit area tive to other zones and the air handler. Primary air fraction Ep is no lower with ducted return , Er is typically 0. Zone air distribution effectiveness Ez is no lower system-level recirculation e. Area outdoor air rate Ra is no higher with ducted return Er is typically 1.

For other system types, f. People outdoor air rate Rp is no higher Er is typically 0. If overhead supply air is used to heat Note: For single-zone and single-supply systems, Ep is 1.

The system ventila- Evz for the perimeter zone with the lowest expected pri- tion efficiency shall equal the lowest zone ventilation effi- mary or discharge airflow rate per unit area.

No other ciency among all ventilation zones served by the air handler, calculations for Evz are typically necessary, even if the in accordance with Equation A D Occupant Diversity: The ratio of the system popula- Ps System Population: The simultaneous number of tion to the sum of the zone populations.

Note: Ev may be determined in accordance with Section 6. This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely ular value for use in calculating ventilation using the IAQ informative and does not contain requirements necessary Procedure. Meeting one, some, or all of the listed values does for conformance to the standard. It has not been not ensure that acceptable IAQ will be achieved. A number of organizations offer guideline hour work week. These values have been developed primarily for ambient air, occupational When many chemicals are present in the air, as they settings, and, in some cases, for residential settings.

They almost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressing should be applied with an understanding of their basis and potential additive effects is warranted. If no contradictory contaminants.

If the sum of all these ratios able concentrations of substances in ambient air, indoor air, exceeds unity, then it is considered that the concentration and industrial workplace environments. These values are value has been exceeded. IAQ as defined in this standard will be achieved. The values in the table are based on cognizant ence B-2 is the German counterpart. The tables are instantaneous ceiling case limits.

It is a source of concentra- presented as further background when using the IAQ Proce- tion limits for many chemical substances and physical agents dure. Consultation should be sought before selecting a partic- for industrial use.

During the remainder of the practice of industrial hygiene as guidelines or recommenda- time, exposure is anticipated to be substantially lower for the tions to assist in the control of potential health hazards and for contaminants of concern.

Application of industrial exposure no other use. There is not an intention to eliminate all effects, For indoor contaminants for which an acceptable concen- such as unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, the tration and exposure value has not been established by a cogni- health criteria are not uniformly derived for all contaminants. This limits. This is because different organizations use different approach should not be used without first assessing its suit- end points and different contaminants have more or less infor- ability for the contaminant of concern.

In any event, if appro- mation available on diverse end points of interest. The target priate standards or guidelines do not exist, expertise must be population is also different from the occupants found in the sought or research needs to be conducted to determine spaces covered by this standard.

Healthy industrial workers contaminant concentrations and exposures that are acceptable. In contrast, workers in commercial environments Subjective Evaluation such as offices often do not expect elevated concentrations of Indoor air often contains complex mixtures of contami- potentially harmful substances in their work environments. In addition, the of chemicals from commercial and consumer products.

Precise general population may have less choice about where they quantitative treatment of these contaminants can be difficult or spend most of their time and includes those who may be more impossible in most cases. Chemical composition alone may not sensitive, such as children, asthmatics, allergic individuals, always be adequate to reliably predict the reaction of building the sick, and the elderly.

There are many toxicological endpoints used Guidelines for Substances in Outdoor Air in assessing the effects from exposure to air contaminants.

Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air for a Irritation of mucosal tissue such as that found in the number of chemicals and metals, as shown in many of the human nose, eyes, and the upper airways is one of the references. These values, including some for metals, may be endpoints often used in assessing short-term exposure to air appropriate for some indoor environments, but they should be contaminants.

These irritation responses can occur after the applied only after appropriate consultation. B-3 well defined. Susceptible populations, i. Other suscepti- to Airborne Contaminants ble populations, such as the elderly and the young, may differ Regulations of occupational exposure to workplace from healthy adults in their response to irritating and odorous hazards are based on the results of accumulated experience substances.

Effects are examined in rela- tive evaluation. Panels of observers have been used to perform tion to exposure to the injurious substance. Exposure is subjective evaluation of IAQ in buildings. Many contaminants defined as the mathematical product of the concentration of have odors or are irritants that may be detected by human the contaminant and the time during which a person is exposed occupants or visitors to a space.

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